White Blood Cell Count (WBC)
10⁹/LThe total number of immune cells circulating in your blood.
Why it matters
Rises with infection and inflammation, falls with some medications and viral illness — a broad first look at immune health.
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Every marker below is read against optimal ranges — not just the lab reference band — and explained by a clinician on your results call.
The total number of immune cells circulating in your blood.
Why it matters
Rises with infection and inflammation, falls with some medications and viral illness — a broad first look at immune health.
How many red blood cells you have carrying oxygen around your body.
Why it matters
Low counts mean less oxygen reaching your tissues, which is felt as breathlessness and fatigue.
The iron-containing protein in red cells that actually carries oxygen.
Why it matters
The defining measure of anaemia, and one of the most common explanations for unexplained tiredness.
The proportion of your blood made up of red cells, by volume.
Why it matters
Read with haemoglobin to distinguish true anaemia from simple dehydration.
The average size of your red blood cells.
Why it matters
Small cells point to iron deficiency; large cells point to B12 or folate. It tells us where to look next.
The average amount of haemoglobin inside each red cell.
Why it matters
Supports MCV in separating the different causes of anaemia.
How concentrated the haemoglobin is within each red cell.
Why it matters
Helps identify specific red-cell disorders that the other indices can miss.
How much your red blood cells vary in size.
Why it matters
Often the earliest abnormal marker in developing iron deficiency, before any other value shifts.
The cell fragments that let your blood clot.
Why it matters
Too few risks bleeding, too many risks clotting — and either can flag a problem in the bone marrow.
The average size of your platelets.
Why it matters
Larger platelets are younger and more active, giving a clue about how fast they are being produced.
The immune cells that handle viruses and long-term immunity.
Why it matters
Typically raised in viral infection and suppressed by chronic stress.
Immune cells that clear debris and support longer-running immune responses.
Why it matters
Persistently raised counts can point to chronic inflammation.
The immune cells that respond first to bacterial infection.
Why it matters
High counts suggest bacterial infection or stress; very low counts leave you vulnerable to infection.
Immune cells involved in allergy and parasitic infection.
Why it matters
A raised count often points to underlying allergy, asthma or eczema.
The rarest white cells, involved in allergic and inflammatory responses.
Why it matters
Rarely abnormal alone, but useful as part of the full immune picture.
An antibody class protecting your gut, airways and other mucosal surfaces.
Why it matters
Deficiency is relatively common and must be known before coeliac testing can be interpreted.
The most abundant antibody class, carrying long-term immunity.
Why it matters
Low levels suggest impaired immunity; high levels suggest chronic immune stimulation.
The first antibody your body produces in a new infection.
Why it matters
Useful for distinguishing recent infection from past exposure.
A protein your liver releases in response to inflammation anywhere in the body.
Why it matters
Sensitive but non-specific: it confirms inflammation is present without saying where. Persistently mild elevation is linked to cardiovascular risk.
The total B12 in your blood, both active and bound forms.
Why it matters
A useful screen, though much of what it measures is bound and unavailable to your cells.
The portion of B12 your cells can actually use.
Why it matters
More accurate than total B12, which can look normal while the usable fraction is low.
The vitamin your skin makes from sunlight, essential for bone, muscle and immune function.
Why it matters
Deficiency is near-universal in northern Europe through winter, and among the easiest deficiencies to correct.
Your body's iron store — the protein that holds iron until it is needed.
Why it matters
The first thing to fall when iron runs low, often long before haemoglobin drops. A common and very treatable cause of fatigue.