Baker's Yeast
kU/LMeasures antibodies against this allergen.
Why it matters
Part of the extended panel, covering less common but clinically relevant triggers.
What we test
A complete picture of your body, in numbers
Over 266 biomarkers across every system of the body. No more guessing — just clear, explained results.
Every biomarker, in one place
Search the full panel by name, system or symptom. Every entry explains what it measures.
Ficus benjamina
kU/LMeasures antibodies against this allergen.
Why it matters
Part of the extended panel, covering less common but clinically relevant triggers.
Lactoferrin
kU/LMeasures antibodies against this allergen.
Why it matters
Part of the extended panel, covering less common but clinically relevant triggers.
Latex
kU/LMeasures antibodies against this allergen.
Why it matters
Part of the extended panel, covering less common but clinically relevant triggers.
Lipocalins
kU/LMeasures antibodies against this allergen.
Why it matters
Part of the extended panel, covering less common but clinically relevant triggers.
Pigeon Tick
kU/LMeasures antibodies against this allergen.
Why it matters
Part of the extended panel, covering less common but clinically relevant triggers.
Profilins
kU/LMeasures antibodies against this allergen.
Why it matters
Part of the extended panel, covering less common but clinically relevant triggers.
nsLTP Proteins
kU/LMeasures antibodies against this allergen.
Why it matters
Part of the extended panel, covering less common but clinically relevant triggers.
Apo B : Apo A1 Ratio
ratioThe balance between artery-damaging and artery-protecting particles.
Why it matters
One of the strongest single predictors of heart attack risk in large international studies.
Apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1)
g/LThe main protein on HDL particles, reflecting how well your body clears cholesterol from artery walls.
Why it matters
A low ApoA1 suggests your protective pathway is weak even when HDL cholesterol looks acceptable.
Apolipoprotein B (Apo B)
g/LA direct count of the atherogenic particles in your blood — every LDL and related particle carries exactly one ApoB.
Why it matters
Where LDL estimates the cholesterol inside particles, ApoB counts the particles themselves. It is the more accurate predictor of heart disease risk.
Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)]
nmol/LAn inherited, sticky form of LDL that raises cardiovascular risk independently of diet or lifestyle.
Why it matters
Largely genetic and stable for life, so it only needs measuring once — but knowing it changes how aggressively other risks should be managed.
Chloride
mmol/LAn electrolyte that works with sodium to maintain fluid and acid balance.
Why it matters
Helps identify the cause when acid-base balance is disturbed.
Corrected Calcium
mmol/LYour calcium adjusted for albumin level.
Why it matters
A truer reading than total calcium when protein levels are abnormal.
Potassium
mmol/LAn electrolyte essential for heart rhythm and muscle function.
Why it matters
Both high and low levels affect the heart directly, which makes it one of the more urgent results.
Sodium
mmol/LThe main electrolyte controlling fluid balance in your body.
Why it matters
Abnormal levels affect blood pressure and brain function, and can flag kidney or hormonal problems.
Total Calcium
mmol/LAll calcium in your blood, both bound to protein and free.
Why it matters
The standard screen, interpreted against albumin since much of it travels bound to protein.
Homocysteine
µmol/LAn amino acid that rises when B12, folate or B6 are insufficient.
Why it matters
Raised levels are linked to cardiovascular and cognitive risk, and usually respond to correcting the underlying B-vitamin gap.
Cat
kU/LMeasures antibodies against proteins from this animal.
Why it matters
Tells you whether a pet is genuinely driving your symptoms before you make difficult decisions.
Dog
kU/LMeasures antibodies against proteins from this animal.
Why it matters
Tells you whether a pet is genuinely driving your symptoms before you make difficult decisions.
Goat
kU/LMeasures antibodies against proteins from this animal.
Why it matters
Tells you whether a pet is genuinely driving your symptoms before you make difficult decisions.
Guinea Pig
kU/LMeasures antibodies against proteins from this animal.
Why it matters
Tells you whether a pet is genuinely driving your symptoms before you make difficult decisions.
Horse
kU/LMeasures antibodies against proteins from this animal.
Why it matters
Tells you whether a pet is genuinely driving your symptoms before you make difficult decisions.
Mouse
kU/LMeasures antibodies against proteins from this animal.
Why it matters
Tells you whether a pet is genuinely driving your symptoms before you make difficult decisions.
Pig
kU/LMeasures antibodies against proteins from this animal.
Why it matters
Tells you whether a pet is genuinely driving your symptoms before you make difficult decisions.
Rabbit
kU/LMeasures antibodies against proteins from this animal.
Why it matters
Tells you whether a pet is genuinely driving your symptoms before you make difficult decisions.
Rat
kU/LMeasures antibodies against proteins from this animal.
Why it matters
Tells you whether a pet is genuinely driving your symptoms before you make difficult decisions.
Sheep
kU/LMeasures antibodies against proteins from this animal.
Why it matters
Tells you whether a pet is genuinely driving your symptoms before you make difficult decisions.
Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA)
titreAntibodies directed against your own cell nuclei.
Why it matters
A screening test for autoimmune conditions such as lupus. A positive result needs clinical interpretation, as it occurs in healthy people too.
Rheumatoid Factor (RF)
IU/mLAn antibody associated with rheumatoid arthritis.
Why it matters
Supports diagnosis in people with joint pain, though it is neither perfectly sensitive nor specific.
Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies (TPO)
IU/mLAntibodies against the enzyme your thyroid uses to make hormone.
Why it matters
The clearest sign of autoimmune thyroid disease. They often appear years before thyroid function itself changes.
HbA1c %
%Average blood sugar over two to three months, expressed as a percentage.
Why it matters
The same measure as HbA1c in different units — useful for comparing with older results or non-European labs.
HbA1c Total
%Total glycated haemoglobin, the basis for the HbA1c calculation.
Why it matters
The raw laboratory value behind your average-glucose result.
HDL Cholesterol
mmol/LThe cholesterol carried by high-density lipoproteins, which transport it away from the arteries back to the liver.
Why it matters
Higher is generally protective. A low HDL alongside high triglycerides often points to insulin resistance rather than diet alone.
LDL Cholesterol
mmol/LThe cholesterol carried by low-density lipoproteins, the particles that deposit cholesterol into artery walls.
Why it matters
LDL is the single most modifiable driver of heart disease. Lowering it years before symptoms is one of the most effective things you can do.
Non-HDL Cholesterol
mmol/LTotal cholesterol minus HDL — everything left that can contribute to plaque.
Why it matters
A better predictor of cardiovascular risk than LDL alone, because it captures every artery-damaging particle in one number.
Total Cholesterol
mmol/LThe total amount of cholesterol carried in your blood, combining the LDL, HDL and other fractions.
Why it matters
On its own it is a blunt number — the split between LDL and HDL matters far more, which is why we always read it alongside them.
Total Cholesterol / HDL Ratio
ratioYour total cholesterol divided by your HDL, expressing the balance between the two.
Why it matters
A cleaner risk signal than either number alone, and one of the values most responsive to changes in diet and activity.
Triglycerides
mmol/LThe main form of fat circulating in your blood, mostly from what you eat and what your liver produces.
Why it matters
Raised triglycerides are an early sign that your body is struggling to handle sugar and refined carbohydrate — often before glucose looks abnormal.
Fasting Glucose
mmol/LYour blood sugar after an overnight fast, before anything has been eaten.
Why it matters
A snapshot rather than an average. Raised fasting glucose with normal HbA1c can be the earliest sign of insulin resistance.
HbA1c
mmol/molYour average blood sugar over the past two to three months, measured on your red blood cells.
Why it matters
Unlike a single glucose reading, this cannot be gamed by fasting. It is the standard for diagnosing and tracking diabetes.
Calcium
mmol/LThe mineral behind bone strength, muscle contraction and nerve signalling.
Why it matters
Tightly controlled by your body, so abnormal levels usually point to a parathyroid, kidney or vitamin D problem.
Magnesium
mmol/LA mineral involved in muscle function, nerve signalling and energy production.
Why it matters
Low magnesium contributes to cramps, palpitations and poor sleep, and often accompanies high sugar intake.
Phosphate
mmol/LA mineral working with calcium in bone and cellular energy.
Why it matters
Read with calcium and PTH to assess bone and kidney health.
Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH)
pmol/LA hormone produced by developing ovarian follicles.
Why it matters
The best available measure of ovarian reserve, used in fertility planning.
Free Testosterone (%)
pmol/LThe unbound testosterone your body can actually use.
Why it matters
Often the more meaningful number — total testosterone can look normal while the usable fraction is low.
Oestradiol
pmol/LThe main form of oestrogen, central to the menstrual cycle and bone health.
Why it matters
Interpreted against cycle timing in women; in men, raised levels can cause their own symptoms.
Progesterone
nmol/LThe hormone that dominates the second half of the menstrual cycle.
Why it matters
Confirms whether ovulation occurred, which matters for fertility and cycle problems.
Barley
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Helps separate true allergy from intolerance, which need completely different management.
Buckwheat
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Helps separate true allergy from intolerance, which need completely different management.
Corn
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Helps separate true allergy from intolerance, which need completely different management.
Flaxseed
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Helps separate true allergy from intolerance, which need completely different management.
Lupin Seed
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Helps separate true allergy from intolerance, which need completely different management.
Millet
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Helps separate true allergy from intolerance, which need completely different management.
Oat
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Helps separate true allergy from intolerance, which need completely different management.
Poppy Seed
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Helps separate true allergy from intolerance, which need completely different management.
Pumpkin Seed
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Helps separate true allergy from intolerance, which need completely different management.
Quinoa
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Helps separate true allergy from intolerance, which need completely different management.
Rice
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Helps separate true allergy from intolerance, which need completely different management.
Rye
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Helps separate true allergy from intolerance, which need completely different management.
Sesame
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Helps separate true allergy from intolerance, which need completely different management.
Sunflower Seed
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Helps separate true allergy from intolerance, which need completely different management.
Wheat
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Helps separate true allergy from intolerance, which need completely different management.
Alpha-Lactalbumin
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Especially useful in children, where egg and milk allergy are common and often outgrown.
Beta-Lactoglobulin
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Especially useful in children, where egg and milk allergy are common and often outgrown.
Camel Milk
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Especially useful in children, where egg and milk allergy are common and often outgrown.
Casein
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Especially useful in children, where egg and milk allergy are common and often outgrown.
Chicken Egg White
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Especially useful in children, where egg and milk allergy are common and often outgrown.
Cow Milk
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Especially useful in children, where egg and milk allergy are common and often outgrown.
Egg Yolk
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Especially useful in children, where egg and milk allergy are common and often outgrown.
Goat Milk
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Especially useful in children, where egg and milk allergy are common and often outgrown.
Lysozyme C
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Especially useful in children, where egg and milk allergy are common and often outgrown.
Mare Milk
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Especially useful in children, where egg and milk allergy are common and often outgrown.
Ovalbumin
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Especially useful in children, where egg and milk allergy are common and often outgrown.
Ovomucoid
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Especially useful in children, where egg and milk allergy are common and often outgrown.
Ovotransferrin
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Especially useful in children, where egg and milk allergy are common and often outgrown.
Sheep Milk
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Especially useful in children, where egg and milk allergy are common and often outgrown.
Anisakis simplex
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
A specific IgE result shows sensitisation, not necessarily allergy — your clinician reads it against your actual symptoms.
Clam
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
A specific IgE result shows sensitisation, not necessarily allergy — your clinician reads it against your actual symptoms.
Cod
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
A specific IgE result shows sensitisation, not necessarily allergy — your clinician reads it against your actual symptoms.
Crab
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
A specific IgE result shows sensitisation, not necessarily allergy — your clinician reads it against your actual symptoms.
Herring
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
A specific IgE result shows sensitisation, not necessarily allergy — your clinician reads it against your actual symptoms.
Lobster
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
A specific IgE result shows sensitisation, not necessarily allergy — your clinician reads it against your actual symptoms.
Mackerel
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
A specific IgE result shows sensitisation, not necessarily allergy — your clinician reads it against your actual symptoms.
Mussel
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
A specific IgE result shows sensitisation, not necessarily allergy — your clinician reads it against your actual symptoms.
Oyster
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
A specific IgE result shows sensitisation, not necessarily allergy — your clinician reads it against your actual symptoms.
Salmon
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
A specific IgE result shows sensitisation, not necessarily allergy — your clinician reads it against your actual symptoms.
Scallop
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
A specific IgE result shows sensitisation, not necessarily allergy — your clinician reads it against your actual symptoms.
Shrimp
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
A specific IgE result shows sensitisation, not necessarily allergy — your clinician reads it against your actual symptoms.
Squid
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
A specific IgE result shows sensitisation, not necessarily allergy — your clinician reads it against your actual symptoms.
Swordfish
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
A specific IgE result shows sensitisation, not necessarily allergy — your clinician reads it against your actual symptoms.
Thornback Ray
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
A specific IgE result shows sensitisation, not necessarily allergy — your clinician reads it against your actual symptoms.
Tuna
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
A specific IgE result shows sensitisation, not necessarily allergy — your clinician reads it against your actual symptoms.
Apple
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Fruit reactions often cross-react with pollen, which is why we read them alongside your pollen results.
Banana
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Fruit reactions often cross-react with pollen, which is why we read them alongside your pollen results.
Blueberry
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Fruit reactions often cross-react with pollen, which is why we read them alongside your pollen results.
Cherry
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Fruit reactions often cross-react with pollen, which is why we read them alongside your pollen results.
Fig
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Fruit reactions often cross-react with pollen, which is why we read them alongside your pollen results.
Grape
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Fruit reactions often cross-react with pollen, which is why we read them alongside your pollen results.
Kiwi
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Fruit reactions often cross-react with pollen, which is why we read them alongside your pollen results.
Mango
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Fruit reactions often cross-react with pollen, which is why we read them alongside your pollen results.
Melon
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Fruit reactions often cross-react with pollen, which is why we read them alongside your pollen results.
Orange
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Fruit reactions often cross-react with pollen, which is why we read them alongside your pollen results.
Papaya
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Fruit reactions often cross-react with pollen, which is why we read them alongside your pollen results.
Peach
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Fruit reactions often cross-react with pollen, which is why we read them alongside your pollen results.
Pear
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Fruit reactions often cross-react with pollen, which is why we read them alongside your pollen results.
Strawberry
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Fruit reactions often cross-react with pollen, which is why we read them alongside your pollen results.
Almond
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Nut allergies carry the highest risk of severe reactions, so precise identification matters.
Brazil Nut
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Nut allergies carry the highest risk of severe reactions, so precise identification matters.
Cashew
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Nut allergies carry the highest risk of severe reactions, so precise identification matters.
Chickpea
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Nut allergies carry the highest risk of severe reactions, so precise identification matters.
Green Bean
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Nut allergies carry the highest risk of severe reactions, so precise identification matters.
Hazelnut
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Nut allergies carry the highest risk of severe reactions, so precise identification matters.
Lentil
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Nut allergies carry the highest risk of severe reactions, so precise identification matters.
Macadamia
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Nut allergies carry the highest risk of severe reactions, so precise identification matters.
Pea
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Nut allergies carry the highest risk of severe reactions, so precise identification matters.
Peanut
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Nut allergies carry the highest risk of severe reactions, so precise identification matters.
Pistachio
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Nut allergies carry the highest risk of severe reactions, so precise identification matters.
Soy
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Nut allergies carry the highest risk of severe reactions, so precise identification matters.
Beef
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Meat allergy is uncommon but can be significant when present.
Chicken
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Meat allergy is uncommon but can be significant when present.
House Cricket
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Meat allergy is uncommon but can be significant when present.
Lamb
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Meat allergy is uncommon but can be significant when present.
Mealworm
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Meat allergy is uncommon but can be significant when present.
Migratory Locust
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Meat allergy is uncommon but can be significant when present.
Pork
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Meat allergy is uncommon but can be significant when present.
Turkey
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Meat allergy is uncommon but can be significant when present.
Anise
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
A frequently missed cause of reactions, since spices appear in so many prepared foods.
Caraway
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
A frequently missed cause of reactions, since spices appear in so many prepared foods.
Mustard
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
A frequently missed cause of reactions, since spices appear in so many prepared foods.
Oregano
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
A frequently missed cause of reactions, since spices appear in so many prepared foods.
Paprika
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
A frequently missed cause of reactions, since spices appear in so many prepared foods.
Parsley
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
A frequently missed cause of reactions, since spices appear in so many prepared foods.
Avocado
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Identifies which specific foods drive symptoms, so you avoid only what you need to.
Carrot
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Identifies which specific foods drive symptoms, so you avoid only what you need to.
Celery
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Identifies which specific foods drive symptoms, so you avoid only what you need to.
Garlic
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Identifies which specific foods drive symptoms, so you avoid only what you need to.
Onion
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Identifies which specific foods drive symptoms, so you avoid only what you need to.
Potato
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Identifies which specific foods drive symptoms, so you avoid only what you need to.
Tomato
kU/LTests whether your immune system produces antibodies against this food.
Why it matters
Identifies which specific foods drive symptoms, so you avoid only what you need to.
Basophils (BAS)
10⁹/LThe rarest white cells, involved in allergic and inflammatory responses.
Why it matters
Rarely abnormal alone, but useful as part of the full immune picture.
Eosinophils (EOS)
10⁹/LImmune cells involved in allergy and parasitic infection.
Why it matters
A raised count often points to underlying allergy, asthma or eczema.
Haematocrit (HCT)
%The proportion of your blood made up of red cells, by volume.
Why it matters
Read with haemoglobin to distinguish true anaemia from simple dehydration.
Haemoglobin (HGB)
g/LThe iron-containing protein in red cells that actually carries oxygen.
Why it matters
The defining measure of anaemia, and one of the most common explanations for unexplained tiredness.
Lymphocytes (LYM)
10⁹/LThe immune cells that handle viruses and long-term immunity.
Why it matters
Typically raised in viral infection and suppressed by chronic stress.
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH)
pgThe average amount of haemoglobin inside each red cell.
Why it matters
Supports MCV in separating the different causes of anaemia.
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)
g/LHow concentrated the haemoglobin is within each red cell.
Why it matters
Helps identify specific red-cell disorders that the other indices can miss.
Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)
fLThe average size of your red blood cells.
Why it matters
Small cells point to iron deficiency; large cells point to B12 or folate. It tells us where to look next.
Mean Platelet Volume (MPV)
fLThe average size of your platelets.
Why it matters
Larger platelets are younger and more active, giving a clue about how fast they are being produced.
Monocytes (MON)
10⁹/LImmune cells that clear debris and support longer-running immune responses.
Why it matters
Persistently raised counts can point to chronic inflammation.
Neutrophils (NEU)
10⁹/LThe immune cells that respond first to bacterial infection.
Why it matters
High counts suggest bacterial infection or stress; very low counts leave you vulnerable to infection.
Platelets (PLT)
10⁹/LThe cell fragments that let your blood clot.
Why it matters
Too few risks bleeding, too many risks clotting — and either can flag a problem in the bone marrow.
Red Blood Cell Count (RBC)
10¹²/LHow many red blood cells you have carrying oxygen around your body.
Why it matters
Low counts mean less oxygen reaching your tissues, which is felt as breathlessness and fatigue.
Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)
%How much your red blood cells vary in size.
Why it matters
Often the earliest abnormal marker in developing iron deficiency, before any other value shifts.
White Blood Cell Count (WBC)
10⁹/LThe total number of immune cells circulating in your blood.
Why it matters
Rises with infection and inflammation, falls with some medications and viral illness — a broad first look at immune health.
Total Bilirubin
µmol/LAll bilirubin in your blood, both processed and unprocessed.
Why it matters
The standard screen for how well your liver is clearing this waste product.
Bahia Grass
kU/LMeasures antibodies against this grass pollen.
Why it matters
Grass is the most common hay fever trigger in Europe, peaking in early summer.
Bermuda Grass
kU/LMeasures antibodies against this grass pollen.
Why it matters
Grass is the most common hay fever trigger in Europe, peaking in early summer.
Reed
kU/LMeasures antibodies against this grass pollen.
Why it matters
Grass is the most common hay fever trigger in Europe, peaking in early summer.
Rye Grass
kU/LMeasures antibodies against this grass pollen.
Why it matters
Grass is the most common hay fever trigger in Europe, peaking in early summer.
Timothy Grass
kU/LMeasures antibodies against this grass pollen.
Why it matters
Grass is the most common hay fever trigger in Europe, peaking in early summer.
Cortisol
nmol/LYour main stress hormone, following a daily rhythm.
Why it matters
Explains fatigue, weight change and poor sleep. Timing of the sample matters as much as the number.
DHEA Sulphate
µmol/LAn adrenal hormone that acts as a building block for sex hormones.
Why it matters
Falls steadily with age and gives a read on adrenal output.
Estrogen / Oestradiol
pmol/LThe main form of oestrogen, central to the menstrual cycle and bone health.
Why it matters
Interpreted against cycle timing in women; in men, raised levels can cause their own symptoms.
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
IU/LThe pituitary hormone that drives egg and sperm production.
Why it matters
A key marker of ovarian reserve and the transition into menopause.
Free Androgen Index (FAI)
ratioThe ratio of total testosterone to SHBG, estimating active androgen.
Why it matters
A key calculation in assessing PCOS and androgen excess in women.
Free Testosterone
pmol/LThe unbound testosterone your body can actually use.
Why it matters
Often the more meaningful number — total testosterone can look normal while the usable fraction is low.
Free/Total Testosterone Ratio
pmol/LThe unbound testosterone your body can actually use.
Why it matters
Often the more meaningful number — total testosterone can look normal while the usable fraction is low.
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
IU/LThe pituitary hormone that triggers ovulation and testosterone production.
Why it matters
Its ratio to FSH is a central clue in diagnosing PCOS.
Oestradiol (Estradiol)
pmol/LThe main form of oestrogen, central to the menstrual cycle and bone health.
Why it matters
Interpreted against cycle timing in women; in men, raised levels can cause their own symptoms.
Oestradiol (Estradiol/E2)
pmol/LThe main form of oestrogen, central to the menstrual cycle and bone health.
Why it matters
Interpreted against cycle timing in women; in men, raised levels can cause their own symptoms.
Oestradiol (Estrogen)
pmol/LThe main form of oestrogen, central to the menstrual cycle and bone health.
Why it matters
Interpreted against cycle timing in women; in men, raised levels can cause their own symptoms.
Prolactin
mIU/LThe pituitary hormone best known for milk production.
Why it matters
Raised levels disrupt periods, fertility and libido in both sexes, and are usually correctable.
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG)
nmol/LThe protein that binds sex hormones and controls how much is free.
Why it matters
Explains a normal total testosterone with low free testosterone, and shifts with insulin resistance and thyroid function.
Testosterone
nmol/LThe principal male sex hormone, also present and important in women.
Why it matters
Drives energy, muscle, mood and libido in both sexes. Low levels have measurable, treatable causes.
Testosterone : Cortisol Ratio
ratioThe balance between your main anabolic hormone and your main stress hormone.
Why it matters
A falling ratio is an early sign of overtraining or chronic stress, often before performance drops.
Testosterone : Free Testosterone Ratio
pmol/LThe unbound testosterone your body can actually use.
Why it matters
Often the more meaningful number — total testosterone can look normal while the usable fraction is low.
Total Testosterone
nmol/LAll testosterone in your blood, both bound and unbound.
Why it matters
The standard first measurement, though much of it is bound and unavailable to your cells.
Gliadin IgA
U/mLAn antibody against a gluten protein fragment.
Why it matters
A supporting coeliac marker, particularly useful in IgA-deficient people.
Gliadin IgG
U/mLAn IgG-class antibody against gluten protein.
Why it matters
Used when IgA deficiency makes the standard coeliac screen unreliable.
IgA
g/LAn antibody class protecting your gut, airways and other mucosal surfaces.
Why it matters
Deficiency is relatively common and must be known before coeliac testing can be interpreted.
IgG
g/LThe most abundant antibody class, carrying long-term immunity.
Why it matters
Low levels suggest impaired immunity; high levels suggest chronic immune stimulation.
IgM
g/LThe first antibody your body produces in a new infection.
Why it matters
Useful for distinguishing recent infection from past exposure.
Tissue Transglutaminase IgA
U/mLThe primary screening antibody for coeliac disease.
Why it matters
Highly accurate, but only while you are still eating gluten — testing after cutting it out gives false reassurance.
Total IgA
g/LThe total immunoglobulin A in your blood.
Why it matters
Checked before coeliac antibody testing, because IgA deficiency causes false negatives.
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
mg/LA protein your liver releases in response to inflammation anywhere in the body.
Why it matters
Sensitive but non-specific: it confirms inflammation is present without saying where. Persistently mild elevation is linked to cardiovascular risk.
Creatine Kinase (CK)
U/LAn enzyme released when muscle is broken down.
Why it matters
Rises after hard exercise, and flags muscle side effects from cholesterol medication.
Fire Ant
kU/LMeasures antibodies against this insect venom.
Why it matters
Important for anyone who has had a severe sting reaction, as it guides emergency planning.
Honey Bee
kU/LMeasures antibodies against this insect venom.
Why it matters
Important for anyone who has had a severe sting reaction, as it guides emergency planning.
Paper Wasp
kU/LMeasures antibodies against this insect venom.
Why it matters
Important for anyone who has had a severe sting reaction, as it guides emergency planning.
Wasp
kU/LMeasures antibodies against this insect venom.
Why it matters
Important for anyone who has had a severe sting reaction, as it guides emergency planning.
Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC)
µmol/LHow much iron your blood could carry if every transport site were full.
Why it matters
A high TIBC with low ferritin confirms genuine iron deficiency rather than iron locked away by inflammation.
Creatinine
µmol/LA waste product from normal muscle activity, cleared by your kidneys.
Why it matters
The standard measure of kidney filtration, though it is also affected by muscle mass.
Urea
mmol/LA waste product from protein breakdown, cleared by the kidneys.
Why it matters
Rises with dehydration and high protein intake as well as kidney problems, so it is read alongside creatinine.
Uric Acid
µmol/LA waste product from the breakdown of purines in food and cells.
Why it matters
High levels cause gout and are linked to high blood pressure and metabolic problems.
eGFR (CKD-EPI 2009 formula)
mL/min/1.73m²An estimate of how much blood your kidneys filter each minute.
Why it matters
The clearest single number for kidney function, and how kidney disease is staged.
ALP
U/LAn enzyme from the liver, bile ducts and bone.
Why it matters
Raised levels point either to a bile-flow problem or to active bone turnover.
ALT
U/LA liver enzyme released into the blood when liver cells are stressed or damaged.
Why it matters
The most specific routine marker of liver strain — commonly raised by fatty liver, alcohol or medication.
AST
U/LAn enzyme found in the liver, heart and muscle.
Why it matters
Read against ALT, the ratio between them helps distinguish liver causes from muscle causes.
Alanine AminoTransferase (ALT)
U/LA liver enzyme released into the blood when liver cells are stressed or damaged.
Why it matters
The most specific routine marker of liver strain — commonly raised by fatty liver, alcohol or medication.
Albumin
g/LThe main protein your liver makes, holding fluid inside your blood vessels.
Why it matters
A good measure of longer-term liver function and nutritional state.
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)
U/LAn enzyme from the liver, bile ducts and bone.
Why it matters
Raised levels point either to a bile-flow problem or to active bone turnover.
Aspartate AminoTransferase (AST)
U/LAn enzyme found in the liver, heart and muscle.
Why it matters
Read against ALT, the ratio between them helps distinguish liver causes from muscle causes.
Bilirubin
µmol/LThe yellow pigment produced as old red blood cells are broken down.
Why it matters
Mildly raised levels are often harmless Gilbert's syndrome; higher levels need investigating.
GGT
U/LA liver enzyme particularly sensitive to alcohol and bile duct problems.
Why it matters
The most responsive marker to alcohol intake, and a useful check on liver recovery.
Gamma-GlutamylTransferase (GGT)
U/LA liver enzyme particularly sensitive to alcohol and bile duct problems.
Why it matters
The most responsive marker to alcohol intake, and a useful check on liver recovery.
Globulin Calculation
g/LThe protein fraction that includes your antibodies.
Why it matters
Raised levels can indicate chronic infection or inflammation; low levels suggest weakened immunity.
Total Protein
g/LAll the protein circulating in your blood.
Why it matters
Read with albumin to separate liver problems from immune or kidney causes.
Globulin
g/LThe protein fraction that includes your antibodies.
Why it matters
Raised levels can indicate chronic infection or inflammation; low levels suggest weakened immunity.
Blood Pressure
mmHgThe force your blood exerts against your artery walls.
Why it matters
The most important modifiable risk factor for stroke and heart disease, and usually symptomless until late.
Height
cmYour height, recorded at your appointment.
Why it matters
Used with weight to calculate BMI and to interpret several other results.
Weight
kgYour body weight, recorded at your appointment.
Why it matters
Meaningful when tracked over time alongside your blood markers rather than read on its own.
Total Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid)
nmol/LVitamin B9, needed to build DNA and red blood cells.
Why it matters
Works together with B12 — treating one without checking the other can mask a serious deficiency.
Vitamin B12 (Total)
pmol/LThe total B12 in your blood, both active and bound forms.
Why it matters
A useful screen, though much of what it measures is bound and unavailable to your cells.
Active Vitamin B12
pmol/LThe portion of B12 your cells can actually use.
Why it matters
More accurate than total B12, which can look normal while the usable fraction is low.
Ferritin
µg/LYour body's iron store — the protein that holds iron until it is needed.
Why it matters
The first thing to fall when iron runs low, often long before haemoglobin drops. A common and very treatable cause of fatigue.
Folate
nmol/LVitamin B9, needed to build DNA and red blood cells.
Why it matters
Works together with B12 — treating one without checking the other can mask a serious deficiency.
Folate Serum
nmol/LThe folate currently circulating in your blood.
Why it matters
Reflects recent intake rather than long-term stores.
Iron
µmol/LThe iron currently circulating in your blood.
Why it matters
Fluctuates through the day and with recent meals, so it is read alongside ferritin and transferrin rather than alone.
Total Vitamin B12
pmol/LThe total B12 in your blood, both active and bound forms.
Why it matters
A useful screen, though much of what it measures is bound and unavailable to your cells.
Transferrin
g/LThe protein that transports iron through your bloodstream.
Why it matters
Rises when iron is scarce as your body tries to capture more, helping separate true deficiency from inflammation.
Vitamin B12
pmol/LA vitamin essential for nerve function and red blood cell production.
Why it matters
Deficiency causes fatigue, pins and needles and memory problems, and can become irreversible if left too long.
Vitamin B9 (Folate Serum)
nmol/LThe folate currently circulating in your blood.
Why it matters
Reflects recent intake rather than long-term stores.
Zinc
µmol/LAn essential trace mineral used by hundreds of enzymes, immunity and wound healing.
Why it matters
Deficiency shows up as poor immunity, slow healing and taste changes, and is common in vegetarian diets.
Blomia tropicalis
kU/LMeasures antibodies against house dust mite or cockroach proteins.
Why it matters
The most common cause of year-round indoor allergy, and very responsive to household measures.
Cockroach
kU/LMeasures antibodies against house dust mite or cockroach proteins.
Why it matters
The most common cause of year-round indoor allergy, and very responsive to household measures.
Dermatophagoides farinae
kU/LMeasures antibodies against house dust mite or cockroach proteins.
Why it matters
The most common cause of year-round indoor allergy, and very responsive to household measures.
Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus
kU/LMeasures antibodies against house dust mite or cockroach proteins.
Why it matters
The most common cause of year-round indoor allergy, and very responsive to household measures.
Alternaria
kU/LMeasures antibodies against this mould or yeast.
Why it matters
Mould sensitivity often explains symptoms that persist indoors and through winter.
Aspergillus
kU/LMeasures antibodies against this mould or yeast.
Why it matters
Mould sensitivity often explains symptoms that persist indoors and through winter.
Cladosporium
kU/LMeasures antibodies against this mould or yeast.
Why it matters
Mould sensitivity often explains symptoms that persist indoors and through winter.
Malassezia
kU/LMeasures antibodies against this mould or yeast.
Why it matters
Mould sensitivity often explains symptoms that persist indoors and through winter.
Penicillium
kU/LMeasures antibodies against this mould or yeast.
Why it matters
Mould sensitivity often explains symptoms that persist indoors and through winter.
AA:EPA Ratio
ratioThe balance between arachidonic acid and EPA, two fats that pull inflammation in opposite directions.
Why it matters
A sensitive measure of dietary inflammatory load, and responsive within weeks to change.
Omega-3 Index
%The proportion of omega-3 fats in your red blood cell membranes.
Why it matters
A stable, months-long measure of omega-3 status, linked to cardiovascular and cognitive health.
Omega-6 to Omega-3 Ratio
ratioThe balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory fats in your diet.
Why it matters
Modern diets skew heavily toward omega-6. Bringing the ratio down is one of the more achievable dietary changes.
Trans Fat Index
%The proportion of industrially produced trans fats in your cell membranes.
Why it matters
Trans fats raise cardiovascular risk more than any other dietary fat. This shows your real exposure.
Intrinsic Factor
AU/mLAntibodies against the protein needed to absorb vitamin B12.
Why it matters
Confirms pernicious anaemia as the cause of B12 deficiency, which changes how it must be treated.
CRP / Albumin Ratio
ratioInflammation measured against nutritional status.
Why it matters
Combines two signals into one number that tracks chronic inflammatory burden better than either alone.
Free T3
pmol/LThe active thyroid hormone your cells actually use to set metabolic rate.
Why it matters
Explains why some people feel hypothyroid despite normal TSH — conversion from T4 to T3 can be impaired.
Free T4
pmol/LThe unbound, available form of thyroxine — your thyroid's main circulating hormone.
Why it matters
Read with TSH, it separates a thyroid that is failing from a pituitary signalling problem.
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
pmol/LThe hormone controlling calcium levels in your blood and bones.
Why it matters
Read with calcium and vitamin D, it explains bone loss and unexplained calcium abnormalities.
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
mIU/LThe pituitary's signal telling your thyroid how much hormone to produce.
Why it matters
The most sensitive early marker of thyroid trouble. TSH shifts before T4 and T3 do, and before most people notice symptoms.
Thyroglobulin Antibodies (TG Ab)
IU/mLAntibodies against thyroglobulin, the protein your thyroid stores hormone in.
Why it matters
Measured alongside TPO to complete the autoimmune picture, particularly in Hashimoto's.
Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies (TPO Ab)
IU/mLAntibodies against the enzyme your thyroid uses to make hormone.
Why it matters
Their presence predicts future thyroid failure, which is why we look even when TSH is still normal.
Acacia
kU/LMeasures antibodies against this tree pollen.
Why it matters
Pinpoints your hay fever season and guides when to start treatment for best effect.
Alder
kU/LMeasures antibodies against this tree pollen.
Why it matters
Pinpoints your hay fever season and guides when to start treatment for best effect.
Ash
kU/LMeasures antibodies against this tree pollen.
Why it matters
Pinpoints your hay fever season and guides when to start treatment for best effect.
Birch
kU/LMeasures antibodies against this tree pollen.
Why it matters
Pinpoints your hay fever season and guides when to start treatment for best effect.
Cypress
kU/LMeasures antibodies against this tree pollen.
Why it matters
Pinpoints your hay fever season and guides when to start treatment for best effect.
Hazel
kU/LMeasures antibodies against this tree pollen.
Why it matters
Pinpoints your hay fever season and guides when to start treatment for best effect.
Oak
kU/LMeasures antibodies against this tree pollen.
Why it matters
Pinpoints your hay fever season and guides when to start treatment for best effect.
Olive
kU/LMeasures antibodies against this tree pollen.
Why it matters
Pinpoints your hay fever season and guides when to start treatment for best effect.
Plane Tree
kU/LMeasures antibodies against this tree pollen.
Why it matters
Pinpoints your hay fever season and guides when to start treatment for best effect.
Walnut
kU/LMeasures antibodies against this tree pollen.
Why it matters
Pinpoints your hay fever season and guides when to start treatment for best effect.
Folate / Vitamin B9
nmol/LVitamin B9, needed to build DNA and red blood cells.
Why it matters
Works together with B12 — treating one without checking the other can mask a serious deficiency.
Folic Acid
nmol/LVitamin B9, needed to build DNA and red blood cells.
Why it matters
Works together with B12 — treating one without checking the other can mask a serious deficiency.
Vitamin B9 (Folate)
nmol/LVitamin B9, needed to build DNA and red blood cells.
Why it matters
Works together with B12 — treating one without checking the other can mask a serious deficiency.
Vitamin D
nmol/LThe vitamin your skin makes from sunlight, essential for bone, muscle and immune function.
Why it matters
Deficiency is near-universal in northern Europe through winter, and among the easiest deficiencies to correct.
Hemp
kU/LMeasures antibodies against this weed pollen.
Why it matters
Weed pollens extend the allergy season into late summer and autumn.
Mugwort
kU/LMeasures antibodies against this weed pollen.
Why it matters
Weed pollens extend the allergy season into late summer and autumn.
Nettle
kU/LMeasures antibodies against this weed pollen.
Why it matters
Weed pollens extend the allergy season into late summer and autumn.
Plantain
kU/LMeasures antibodies against this weed pollen.
Why it matters
Weed pollens extend the allergy season into late summer and autumn.
Ragweed
kU/LMeasures antibodies against this weed pollen.
Why it matters
Weed pollens extend the allergy season into late summer and autumn.
Russian Thistle
kU/LMeasures antibodies against this weed pollen.
Why it matters
Weed pollens extend the allergy season into late summer and autumn.
Sorrel
kU/LMeasures antibodies against this weed pollen.
Why it matters
Weed pollens extend the allergy season into late summer and autumn.
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